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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of participants according to hemoglobin levels

From: Anemia among Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with quality of life - results from the Chinese cohort study of chronic kidney disease (C-STRIDE)

Characteristic Total(N = 2921) < 100(n = 300) 100–115(n = 525) 116–129(n = 716) ≥130(n = 1380) Missing value p-value
Age (years) 48.5 ± 13.6 52.8 ± 13.0 51.2 ± 13.1 50.8 ± 13.6 45.5 ± 13.4 0 < 0.001
Men (%) 1710(58.5) 129(7.5) 199 (11.6) 312 (18.2) 1070 (62.7) 0 < 0.001
eGFR 52.3 ± 33.4 29.9 ± 22.5 38.2 ± 27.8 49.9 ± 31.4 63.7 ± 33.6 0 < 0.001
Prevalence (%)(95%CI)   10.3 (9.2,11.4) 18.0 (16.6,19.4) 24.5 (23.0,26.1) 47.2 (45.4,49.1)   
  ≥ 60(CKD1–2)   2.7 (1.5,3.6) 8.0 (6.2,9.7) 21.1 (18.3,23.8) 68.3 (65.4,71.4)   
 45–59(CKD3a)   4.0 (2.3,5.9) 12.1 (9.4,15.3) 24.5 (20.7,28.2) 59.4 (54.8,63.6)   
 30–44(CKD3b)   8.4 (6.3,10.5) 19.5 (16.6,22.5) 27.8 (24.4,31.4) 44.3 (40.6,48.3)   
 15–29 (CKD4)   23.4 (20.5,26.2) 30.7 (27.7,34.0) 25.5 (22.6,28.7) 20.4 (17.4,23.2)   
Hemoglobin(g/L) 127.8 ± 21.9 89.3 ± 8.0 108.4 ± 4.5 122.7 ± 4.0 146.3 ± 12.7 0 0.001
Diabetes (%) 393 (13.5) 100 (25.4) 97 (24.7) 101 (25.6) 95 (24.2) 48 0.056
≥High school education (%) 1625 (55.6) 125 (7.7) 240 (14.8) 381 (23.4) 879 (54.1) 28 < 0.001
Income, yuan(%)       123 < 0.001
  < 30,000 997 (34.1) 136 (13.6) 176 (17.7) 249 (25.0) 436 (43.7)   
 30,000–50,000 726 (24.9) 75 (25.0) 157 (29.9) 171 (23.9) 323 (23.4)   
 50,000–100,000 1075 (41.0) 89 (29.7) 192 (36.6) 296 (41.3) 621 (45.0)   
Current smoker (%) 1079 (36.9) 85 (28.3) 147 (28.0) 209 (29.2) 638 (46.2) 62 0.72
Use anemia drug(%) 323 (11.1) 102 (34.0) 118 (22.5) 80 (11.2) 23 (1.7) 0 < 0.001
 EPO 206 (7.1) 72 (24.0) 75 (14.3) 44 (6.1) 15 (1.1)   
 Iron 234 (8.0) 74 (24.7) 87 (16.6) 57 (8.0) 16 (1.2)   
 EPO + Iron 117 (4.0) 44 (14.7) 44 (8.4) 21 (2.9) 8 (0.6)   
SBP (mm Hg) 130.0 ± 18.8 135.8 ± 19.7 131.9 ± 17.4 128.3 ± 17.3 126.9 ± 16.2 178 < 0.001
DBP (mm Hg) 81.1 ± 11.7 80.3 ± 10.5 80.0 ± 10.5 79.7 ± 10.2 81.4 ± 10.6 178 0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 24.6 ± 3.8 24.2 ± 4.1 23.4 ± 3.6 24.4 ± 3.6 25.2 ± 3.9 80 < 0.001
LHV(%) 227 (7.8) 55 (18.3) 55 (10.5) 54 (7.5) 63 (4.6) 427 < 0.001
ACR (mg/g creatinine) 418.3 (113.8985.3) 718.5 (219.91676.6) 554.3 (181.0,1226.6) 410.0 (98.0,952.5) 349.8 (105.1814.2) 407 < 0.001
Use antihypertensive drugs(%) 463 (15.9) 147 (49.0) 107 (20.4) 104 (14.5) 105 (7.6) 0 < 0.001
ACEI/ARB 324 (11.1) 93 (31.0) 69 (13.1) 81 (11.3) 81 (5.9)   
CCB 361 (12.4) 120 (40.0) 80 (15.2) 84 (11.7) 77 (5.6)   
ALB(g/L) 38.9 ± 7.3 34.9 ± 7.5 38.0 ± 7.1 38.6 ± 7.0 40.2 ± 7.1 130 < 0.001
Hs-CRP (mg/L)) 3.7 ± 12.1 5.3 ± 12.0 5.3 ± 6.8 5.7 ± 9.9 5.7 ± 5.8 288 0.038
TC (mmol/L) 5.5 ± 7.0 4.6 ± 2.0 4.4 ± 15.9 3.3 ± 7.8 3.3 ± 12.2 196 0.075
Symptoms and Problems (S) 81.2 ± 23.5 72.8 ± 27.5 77.5 ± 25.3 81.9 ± 22.5 84.0 ± 21.8 395 < 0.001
Effects of the Kidney Disease (E) 62.7 ± 26.6 55.5 ± 26.7 58.7 ± 27.4 63.4 ± 27.1 65.4 ± 25.5 395 < 0.001
Burden of the Kidney Disease (B) 72.9 ± 19.7 66.9 ± 22.4 70.1 ± 20.1 72.6 ± 19.7 75.4 ± 18.2 395 < 0.001
SF-12 Physical Functioning (PCS) 86.8 ± 13.0 81.0 ± 16.5 84.5 ± 12.5 86.7 ± 13.1 89.0 ± 11.2 395 < 0.001
SF-12 Mental Functioning (MCS) 74.1 ± 27.1 60.6 ± 30.8 69.7 ± 27.0 73.7 ± 26.9 79.0 ± 24.9 395 < 0.001
  1. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD, or median with interquartile ranges. Categorical data are presented as numbers (n) of patients
  2. Abbreviations: eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, BMI Body mass index, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, ACR albumin:creatinine ratio, ALB Albumin, Hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, TC Serum cholesterol
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BMC Nephrology

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